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Bayt Nattif ((アラビア語:بيت نتّيف)), (), was a Palestinian Arab village in the Hebron Subdistrict in Mandatory Palestine. The village was originally known as Bayt Lettif,〔In an interview with Muhammad Abu Halawa (born 1929), he disclosed unto his interviewer, Rakan Mahmoud, in 2009, that the original name of the village was ''Bayt Lettif'', but since it was phonetically easier for the tongue to say ''Bayt Nattif'', so did the name change. See (''Palestine Oral History'': Interview with Muhammad Halawa #1, Bayt Nattif-Hebron ), Arabic (In video: 2:48 – 2:56)〕 and lay nestled on a hilltop, surrounded by olive groves and almonds, with woodlands of oak and carobs overlooking ''Wadi es-Sunt'' (the Elah Valley) to its south. The village was depopulated during the 1948 Arab–Israeli War on October 21, 1948 under Operation Ha-Har. It was located 21 km northwest of Hebron.〔Khalidi, 1992, pp. 211-212.〕 In 1945 it had a population of 2,150. Bayt Nattif contained several shrines, including a notable one dedicated to al-Shaykh Ibrahim.〔 Roughly a dozen khirbas lay in the vicinity.〔 ==History== Bayt Nattif was known under the Romans as ''Bayt Letepha''.〔 According to Josephus, the city was sacked under Vespasian and Titus, during the first Jewish uprising against Rome.〔Josephus, ''De Bello Judaico'' (Wars of the Jews) iv.viii.1.〕 The city had been assigned the status of toparchy, one of eleven toparchies or prefectures in Judaea given certain administrative responsibilities.〔The 11 were: 1) The toparchy of Gophna; 2) The toparchy of Acrabatta; 3) The toparchy of Thamna; 4) The toparchy of Lydda; 5) The toparchy of Emmaus; 6) The toparchy of Pella; 7) The toparchy of Idumea, one of whose principal cities being Bethletephon; 8) The toparchy of En Gedi; 9) The toparchy of Herodium; 10) The toparchy of Jericho, and 11) The toparchy of Jamnia and Joppa. These all answered to Jerusalem.(Josephus, ''De Bello Judaico'' (Wars of the Jews), iii.iii.4 )〕 During the 12th year of the reign of Nero, when the Roman army had suffered a great defeat under Cestius, with more than five-thousand foot soldiers killed, the people of the surrounding countryside feared reprisals from the Roman army and made haste to appoint generals and to fortify their cities. Generals were at that time appointed for Idumea, namely, over the entire region immediately south and south-west of Jerusalem, and which incorporated within it the towns of Bethletephon, Betaris, Kefar Tobah, Dora and Marissa. This region was called Idumea on account of it being a region inhabited largely by the descendants of Esau (Edom) who made themselves proselytes to Judaism during the time of John Hyrcanus. Generals, likewise, were appointed for Jericho and Perea (in trans-Jordan), and another general for Thamma (whose authority extended over those able-bodied fighting men in Lydda, Joppa and Emmaus), while yet another general was appointed over the area about Gophna and Acrabatta, and yet another over the cities in the Galilee.〔Josephus, ''De Bello Judaico'' (Wars of the Jews), ii.xx.3-4〕 Based upon archaeological finds that were discovered in Bayt Nattif, the city was still an important site in the Late Roman period. The place was now inhabited by Roman citizens and veterans, who settled the region as part of the Romanisation process that took place in the rural areas of Judaea after the Bar Kokhba war.〔Zissu and Klein, 2011, (''A Rock-Cut Burial Cave from the Roman Period at Beit Nattif, Judaean Foothills'' )〕 The Bayt Nattif lamp〔(Judean Beit Nattif Oil Lamp )〕 is named for a type of ceramic oil lamp found during the archaeological excavation of two cisterns at Bayt Nattif in southern Judaea.〔(New light on daily life at Beth Shean )〕 Bayt Nattif was located 20 kilometers southwest of Jerusalem, midway between Beit Guvrin and Jerusalem. Based on the discovery of unused oil lamps and molds, it is believed that in ancient times the village manufactured late Roman or Byzantine pottery, possibly selling its wares in Jerusalem and Beit Guvrin.〔(Jerusalem Ceramic Chronology: Circa 200-800 CE ), Jodi Magness〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Bayt Nattif」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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